We study the effects of industrial robot on household income inequality in 14 European countries between 2006–2018. Automation reduced relative hourly wages and employment of directly affected European demographic groups. Using the estimated wage and employment shocks as input to the EUROMOD microsimulation model, we find that automation had tiny effects on income inequality. Transfers played a key role in cushioning the transmission of these shocks to household incomes.
Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society
We study the effect of the adoption of automation technologies – industrial robots, and software and databases – on the incidence of atypical employment in 13 EU countries between 2006 and 2018. Robots do not affect the total employment rate but significantly increase the involuntary atypical employment share, mainly through fixed-term work. Software and databases increase total employment and are neutral for atypical employment. Higher trade union density mitigates the robots’ impact on atypical employment, while employment protection legislation plays no role.
Using Polish household survey data, we show that cigarette tax hikes reduce smoking more among less-educated populations, who are more sensitive to affordability changes. By 2027, the planned excise increase is projected to lower smoking by 250,000 people, cut consumption by 8.4%, and raise revenues by 10.9%.
We study workers’ and employers’ preferences for remote work, estimating the willingness to pay for it using discrete choice experiments with more than 10,000 workers and more than 1,500 employers in Poland. Both workers and employers prefer hybrid over fully-remote work. However, only 25-35% of employers – those with positive views on remote work productivity and high-quality talent management – value remote work costs in line with workers’ willingness to pay, particularly in non-routine cognitive occupations.
We study implications of automating routine cognitive work in shared service centres (SSCs) in Poland. Drawing on 31 in-depth interviews, we highlight the negotiated nature of automation processes shaped by interactions between headquarters, SSCs, and their workers. Workers actively participated in automation processes, eliminating the most mundane tasks. This resulted in upskilling, higher job satisfaction and empowerment. Yet, this depends upon the fact that automation is triggered by labour shortages that limit the labour-intensive expansion of SSCs.
Using a tailored, quantitative survey in Poland, we study taxi and delivery platform drivers' working conditions and job quality. Migrants' job quality is noticeably lower regarding contractual terms of employment, working hours, work–life balance, multidimensional deprivation and job satisfaction. Migrants who started a platform job immediately after arriving in Poland, usually as taxi drivers, are particularly deprived.
