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Date:
2025-03-28
Authors:
Piotr Lewandowski
Karol Madoń
Albert Park
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Workers’ exposure to AI across development
This paper develops a task-adjusted, country-specific measure of workers’ exposure to artificial intelligence (AI) in 108 countries, covering approx. 89% of global employment. Accounting for within-occupation task differences significantly amplifies the development gradient in AI exposure. We attribute these differences primarily to cross-country differences in ICT use intensity, followed by occupational composition, human capital and globalisation-related firm characteristics.
Date:
2025-03-13
Authors:
Piotr Lewandowski
Agata Górny
Mateusz Krząkała
Marta Palczyńska
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The Role of Job Task Degradation in Shaping Return Intentions: Evidence from Ukrainian War Refugees in Poland
Measuring worker-level job tasks of Ukrainian war refugees in Poland, we find substantial task degradation, namely performing more routine-intensive jobs in Poland after displacement than in Ukraine before the full-scale war. People who experience a greater task degradation were more likely to plan to return to Ukraine by 2023, particularly those who initially, in 2022, did not plan to return.
Date:
2024-12-30
Authors:
Jakub Sokołowski
Piotr Lewandowski
Jan Frankowski
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How to Avoid Another Yellow Vests movement? Evaluating Preferences for a Carbon Tax with a Discrete Choice Experiment
Using a a discrete choice experiment with 10,000 people in Poland, we examine public preferences for policies to achieve energy security and climate change mitigation goals in the context of the energy crisis caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. We find a strong aversion to carbon tax, only slightly mitigated by redistribution. Income, trust, and age shape preferences for climate and energy policies, and for redistribution mechanisms.
Date:
2024-12-16
Authors:
Piotr Lewandowski
Wojciech Szymczak
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Automation, Trade Unions and Atypical Employment
We study the effect of the adoption of automation technologies – industrial robots, and software and databases – on the incidence of atypical employment in 13 EU countries between 2006 and 2018. Industrial robots significantly increase atypical employment share, mostly through involuntary part-time and involuntary fixed-term work. There's no effect of software and databases. Higher trade union density mitigates the robots’ impact on atypical employment, while employment protection legislation plays no role.
Date:
2023-10-10
Authors:
Karina Doorley
Jan Gromadzki
Piotr Lewandowski
Dora Tuda
Philippe Van Kerm
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Automation and income inequality in Europe
We study the effects of robot penetration on household income inequality in 14 European countries between 2006–2018. Automation reduced relative hourly wages and employment of directly affected European demographic groups. We use the estimated wage and employment shocks as input to the EUROMOD microsimulation model to assess how robot-driven shocks affected household income inequality. Automation had tiny effects on income inequality. Transfers played a key role in cushioning the transmission of these shocks to household incomes.
Date:
2020-05-09
Authors:
Piotr Lewandowski
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Occupational exposure to contagion and the spread of COVID-19 in Europe
Social contacts are a key transmission channel of infectious diseases spread by the respiratory or close-contact route, such as COVID-19. There is no evidence, however, on the question of whether the nature and the organisation of work affect the spread of COVID-19 in different countries. I have developed a methodology to measure country-specific levels of occupational exposure to contagion driven by social contacts. I combined six indicators based on Occupation Information Network (O*NET) and the European Working Condition Survey (EWCS) data.